Catalyst for the hydroisomerization of contaminated hydrocarbon feedstock

ABSTRACT

A catalyst system for treating sulfur and nitrogen contaminated hydrocarbon feedstock including a matrix, at least one support medium substantially uniformly distributed through said matrix, a first catalytically active metal phase supported on said support medium, said first catalytically active metal phase comprising a first metal and a second metal each selected from group VIII of the periodic table of elements, said first metal being different from said second metal, a second catalytically active metal phase supported on said matrix, said second catalytically active metal phase comprising a third metal and a fourth metal each selected from group VIII of the periodic table of elements and a fifth metal selected from group VIb of the periodic table of elements, said third metal being different from said fourth metal. The catalyst system is prepared in a method which provides the system with excellent hydroisomerization, HDS, and HDN properties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a catalyst for hydroisomerization of sulfur and nitrogen contaminated hydrocarbon feedstocks, as well as a method for preparing the catalyst and a hydroisomerization process using the catalyst.

A persistent problem in the field of hydrocarbon processing and refining is the treatment of hydrocarbon feedstocks which are contaminated with sulfur and nitrogen. Sulfur and nitrogen contaminants tend to rapidly deactivate process catalysts and, furthermore, are undesirable fractions in the final product.

Numerous disclosures have been made proposing solutions to the sulfur and nitrogen contamination problem. Known processes include multi-stage treatments, severe limitations on the upper level of sulfur and nitrogen contaminants in the feedstock, and limited ability to remove sulfur and nitrogen from the process product. There thus still remains the need for a catalyst system for treatment, especially by hydroisomerization, of sulfur and nitrogen contaminated feedstock.

It is therefore the primary object of the present invention to provide a catalyst system for hydroisomerization of a sulfur and nitrogen contaminated feedstock which is not rapidly poisoned by the contaminants in the feedstock.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a catalyst system for treating a sulfur and nitrogen contaminated feedstock which serves to reduce the level of sulfur and nitrogen in the feedstock.

It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a catalyst system for treating a wide variety of hydrocarbon feedstocks so as to provide increased fractions of isomers in the final product.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing a catalyst system according to the present invention.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a hydroisomerization process using the catalyst system of the present invention for treating sulfur and nitrogen contaminated feedstocks.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear hereinbelow.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the foregoing, a catalyst system is provided having excellent hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrification (HDN) properties as well as excellent activity toward a hydroisomerization function. A process is also provided in accordance with the invention for preparing the catalyst system of the present invention. Further, a hydroisomerization process is provided which uses the catalyst system of the present invention for treating a sulfur and nitrogen contaminated hydrocarbon feedstock.

In accordance with the invention, a catalyst system is provided comprising a matrix; at least one support medium substantially uniformly distributed through said matrix; a first catalytically active metal phase supported on said support medium, said first catalytically active metal phase comprising a first metal and a second metal each selected from group VIII of the periodic table of elements, said first metal being different from said second metal; a second catalytically active metal phase supported on said matrix, said second catalytically active metal phase comprising a third metal and a fourth metal each selected from group VIII of the periodic table of elements and a fifth metal selected from group VIB of the periodic table of elements, said third metal being different from said fourth metal.

In further accordance with the invention, a method is provided for preparing a catalyst system in accordance with the invention which method comprises the steps of providing a matrix material; providing at least one support medium; impregnating said support medium with a first metal and a second metal each selected from group VIII of the periodic table of elements so as to provide an impregnated support medium, said first metal being different from said second metal; mixing said impregnated support medium with said matrix so as to provide a substantially uniform heterogeneous mixture of said matrix and said impregnated support medium; forming said mixture into catalyst elements; impregnating said catalyst elements with a metal selected from group VIB of the periodic table of elements; impregnating said catalyst elements with a third metal and a fourth metal each selected from group VIII of the periodic table of elements so as to provide impregnated catalyst elements, said third metal being different from said fourth metal; drying and calcining said impregnated catalyst elements so as to provide said catalyst system having a surface area of between about 200 m² /g to about 500 m² /g and a mechanical resistance of between about 4 kg/cm² to about 9 kg/cm².

Additionally, a process for hydroisomerization of a sulfur and nitrogen contaminated hydrocarbon feedstock is provided in accordance with the invention which process comprises the steps of providing a hydrocarbon feedstock having an initial sulfur content of up to about 10,000 ppm and an initial nitrogen content of up to about 200 ppm; providing a catalyst system comprising a matrix; at least one support medium substantially uniformly distributed through said matrix; a first catalytically active metal phase supported on said support medium, said first catalytically active metal phase comprising a first metal and a second metal each selected from group VIII of the periodic table of elements, said first metal being different from said second metal; a second catalytically active metal phase supported on said matrix, said second catalytically active metal phase comprising a third metal and a fourth metal each selected from group VIII of the periodic table of elements and a fifth metal selected from group VIB of the periodic table of elements, said third metal being different from said fourth metal; and contacting said feedstock with said catalyst system under a hydrogen atmosphere and at hydroisomerization conditions so as to provide a final product having a final sulfur content and final nitrogen content which are less than said initial sulfur content and said initial nitrogen content.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention follows with reference to the attached FIGURE which illustrates the effect of the proportion of ZSM-5 and beta zeolite in a catalyst according to the invention upon the isomerization of a hexadecane feedstock.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The invention relates to a catalyst system for treating sulfur and nitrogen contaminated hydrocarbon feedstocks. According to the invention, a catalyst system is provided which has excellent activity towards hydroisomerization reactions, enhanced hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrification (HDN) capabilities, and enhanced resistance to poisoning or deactivation by sulfur and nitrogen contaminants in the feedstock to be treated.

According to the invention, the catalyst system comprises a matrix material supporting at least one and preferably two support media which are substantially uniformly distributed through the matrix. A first catalytically active metal phase is supported on the support medium, and a second catalytically active metal phase is supported on the matrix.

According to the invention, the matrix is preferably a catalytically active material preferably selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica alumina, titanium alumina and mixtures thereof. The preferred matrix material is gamma alumina, preferably having a surface area of between about 200 m² /g to about 400 m² /g, and having a pore volume of between about 0.3 cc/g to about 0.9 cc/g.

The support media of the catalyst system of the present invention are preferably molecular sieve materials such as zeolites.

The catalyst system of the present invention most preferably includes two different zeolites as a support medium, wherein each zeolite has a different average pore size. In further accordance with the invention, the first support medium preferably comprises a molecular sieve or zeolite composition having an average pore size of between about 5 Å to about 6 Å, a Si/Al ratio of between about 10 to about 300, a surface area greater than or equal to about 300 m² /g and a crystal size of less than or equal to about 2 microns, while the second support medium also preferably comprises a molecular sieve or zeolite material having an average pore size of between about 7 Å to about 8 Å, a Si/Al ratio of between about 3 to about 100, a surface area of greater than or equal to about 600 m² /g and a crystal size of less than or equal to about 1 micron.

The first zeolite having the smaller average pore size is preferably selected in accordance with the invention from the group consisting of ZSM-5, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, SAPO-11, ZSM-12, ST-5 and mixtures thereof. The second zeolite having the larger average pore size of between about 7 Å to about 8 Å is preferably selected in accordance with the invention from the group consisting of beta zeolite, ZSM-10, Y zeolite, SAPO-37, SAPO-5 and mixtures thereof.

The smaller and larger pore size zeolite are most preferably present in the catalyst system in a weight ratio of the first or small pore size zeolite to the second or large pore size zeolite of between about 0.2 to about 0.8. Further, the total support media and matrix material are preferably present in a ratio by weight of support medium to matrix of between about 0.1 to about 0.4.

It has been found in accordance with the invention that a catalyst containing two different zeolite materials having close but different pore sizes serves to enhance the activity of the catalyst toward the desired hydroisomerization reaction. This effect is believed to be due to the fact that smaller linear molecules will be isomerized in the smaller pore zeolite while branched molecules will have limited access to the smaller pore zeolite and will migrate to the larger pore size zeolite where they are isomerized further, thus resulting in an increase in the number of branched molecules. A particularly suitable mixture of first and second zeolites has been found in accordance with the invention to be a mixture containing ZSM-5 and beta zeolite.

It has also been found in accordance with the invention that the activity of the catalyst is still further enhanced when the different zeolite support media are in close or intimate intermixed relationship with each other, rather than a mere mechanical mixture. Thus, in accordance with the invention, both first and second zeolite support media are preferably substantially uniformly distributed through the matrix of the catalyst system so as to provide a catalyst system having further enhanced hydroisomerization activity.

In accordance with the invention, the first and second catalytically active metal phases supported in the catalyst system of the present invention have been found to further enhance the activity of the catalyst toward the desired hydroisomerization reaction while helping to enhance the HDS (sulfur removing) and HDN (nitrogen removing) properties of the catalyst. According to the invention, the first catalytically active metal phase which is supported on the zeolite preferably comprises at least a first and a second metal selected from Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements. The first and second metal are preferably different from each other. Further, the first metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron and mixtures thereof, while the second metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium and mixtures thereof. A particularly suitable combination of first and second metal in accordance with the invention is nickel and palladium.

According to the invention, the first metal and second metal present in the catalytically active metal phase which is supported on the zeolite are preferably present in a weight ratio of first metal to second metal of between about 1:1 to about 4:1. Further, the second metal is preferably present in the catalytically active metal phase supported on the zeolite in an amount of between about 0.025% to about 1.0% by weight of the zeolite support medium.

The second catalytically active metal phase which is supported on the matrix preferably also comprises two metals selected from Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements. The two metals, referred to herein as the third and fourth metal of the catalyst system, are preferably different from each other. The third metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron and mixtures thereof while the fourth metal is selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium and mixtures thereof.

The second catalytically active metal phase supported on the matrix also preferably includes a fifth metal which is selected from Group VIB of the Periodic Table of Elements. The fifth metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum and mixtures thereof, most preferably tungsten.

The third and fourth metals are preferably present in the second catalytically active metal phase supported on the matrix in a weight ratio of third metal to fourth metal of between about 1:1 to about 4:1. Further, the fourth metal is preferably present in the second catalytically active metal phase supported on the matrix in an amount of between about 0.025% to about 1.0% by weight of the matrix. As with the first catalytically active metal phase, nickel and palladium have been found to be particularly suitable for the third and fourth metal in accordance with the present invention.

The fifth metal is preferably present in the second catalytically active metal phase supported on the matrix in an amount of between about 6% to about 30% by weight of the matrix. In accordance with the invention, it has been found that the catalyst system according to the present invention may also suitably include a Group VIb metal in the first catalytically active metal phase supported on the zeolite. This additional Group VIb metal may be the same or different from the Group VIb metal which is supported on the matrix.

The catalyst system according to the present invention is characterized by a surface area preferably between about 200 m² /g to about 500 m² /g, more preferably between about 250 m² /g to about 450 m² /g, and an average pore diameter of between about 30 Å to about 80 Å. Further, the catalyst system according to the invention has been found desirably to have a mechanical resistance of between about 4 kg/cm² to about 9 kg/cm².

As set forth above, the catalyst system in accordance with the invention exhibits excellent hydroisomerization activity as well as improved HDS and HDN properties and resistance to poisoning or deactivation from sulfur and nitrogen.

In further accordance with the invention, the catalyst system of the present invention may be prepared as follows.

Initially, the desired matrix material is provided, preferably having an average particle size of less than or equal to about 45 μm. The provided matrix material may suitably be selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica alumina, titanium alumina and mixtures thereof, most preferably gamma alumina. The matrix material so provided preferably has a surface area between about 200 m² /g to about 400 m² /g and a pore volume of between about 0.3 cc/g to about 0.9 cc/g.

The desired support medium is also provided, preferably including two different zeolite compositions having different but closely related average pore size as described above. The different zeolite materials are preferably impregnated with the desired metals of the first catalytically active metal phase in the desired concentrations. The different zeolites are preferably impregnated separately but with the same concentrations of metals. The actual impregnation step may be carried out in accordance with any of numerous conventional processes known to one skilled in the art. Further, each metal may be impregnated separately or simultaneously, for example in a coimpregnation step. In accordance with the invention, one particularly suitable impregnation technique is to impregnate the zeolite with a salt solution of the desired metal, particularly where the metal salt is a water soluble metal salt preferably selected from the group consisting of acetates, nitrates, oxalates, chlorides and mixtures thereof.

The impregnated zeolite may suitably then be dried, preferably at a temperature of less than or equal to about 150° C.

In accordance with the invention, the impregnated and dried zeolites are then mixed so as to provide a substantially uniform mixture. In accordance with the method of the present invention, the mixing step may preferably be carried out by mixing the zeolite mixture with a binder material and subsequently extruding the binder/zeolite mixture so as to provide extrudates or extruded zeolite elements wherein the different zeolites are in intimate contact with one another as desired in accordance with the present invention. Suitable binder materials include acetic acid, glycolic acid and mixtures thereof. The binder may suitably be mixed with the zeolite mixture at a ratio by weight of zeolite mixture to binder of between about 20 to about 100. The zeolite mixture is preferably extruded so as to provide extruded elements having a particle size less than or equal to about 110 microns.

In further accordance with the invention, the extruded impregnated zeolite may then be dried, preferably at a temperature of less than or equal to about 150° C. and mixed with the matrix material so as to provide a substantially uniform mixture. The zeolite mixture and matrix are preferably mixed in a ratio by weight of zeolite to matrix of between about 0.1 to about 0.4. Further, the zeolite mixture itself is preferably composed of smaller and larger pore size zeolite in a ratio by weight of smaller pore size zeolite to larger pore size zeolite of between about 0.2 to about 0.8.

The zeolite/matrix mixture is then preferably formed into catalyst elements in accordance with the invention, most preferably by extrusion, so as to provide extruded catalyst elements. The extruded catalyst elements are then preferably dried at room temperature, for example overnight, so as to provide dried extruded catalyst elements. The dried extruded catalyst elements are then preferably calcined by gradually increasing the temperature to which the catalyst elements are subjected in a stepwise manner to a temperature of between about 420° C. to about 520° C. so as to provide calcined catalyst elements. For example, the catalyst elements may be calcined by increasing the temperature at a rate of about 3° C. per minute to various temperature levels which are maintained for desired periods of time such as, for example, 80° C. for three hours, 120° C. for three hours, 250° C. for three hours, 350° C. for one hour and 450° C. for four hours.

In accordance with the method of the present invention, the calcined catalyst elements are then impregnated with the Group VIb metal so as to provide the desired weight percent of Group VIb metal relative to the matrix material. As with the first catalytically active metal phase, the Group VIb metal may be incorporated into the catalyst system through any known technique such as impregnation, ion exchange, and the like. Impregnation may be carried out by impregnating the catalyst elements with a solution containing one or more salts of the desired metal. As set forth above, desired salts include water soluble metal salts selected from the group consisting of acetates, nitrates, oxalates, chlorides and mixtures thereof.

After impregnation with the Group VIb metal, the catalyst elements are preferably dried again at a temperature preferably less than or equal to about 150° C. so as to provide dried and partially impregnated catalyst elements.

In accordance with the invention, the catalyst elements are then preferably further impregnated with the second catalytically active metal phase comprising the third and fourth metals selected from Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements. The two selected metals, preferably nickel and palladium, may be sequentially or simultaneously impregnated as desired. Impregnation, if used, may be carried out using aqueous solutions of metal salts wherein the salts are preferably water soluble salts selected from the group consisting of acetates, nitrates, oxalates, chlorides and mixtures thereof. At this point, the catalyst elements in accordance with the invention are fully impregnated or provided with the first catalytically active metal phase supported on the zeolite support medium and the second catalytically active metal phase supported on the matrix. The Group VIb metal is also at this point impregnated on the matrix and may be partially supported on the zeolite support medium as well.

In further accordance with the method of the present invention, the fully impregnated catalyst elements are then dried at a temperature preferably less than or equal to about 130° C. so as to provide dried fully impregnated catalyst elements which are then calcined by gradually increasing the temperature to which the catalyst elements are subjected in a stepwise manner to a temperature of between about 420° C. to about 520° C. The catalyst elements of the catalyst system so provided preferably have a surface area of between about 200 m² /g to about 500 m² /g and a mechanical resistance of between about 4 kg/cm² to about 9 kg/cm².

Thus provided in accordance with the present invention is a method for preparing the catalyst system according to the present invention which has excellent activity toward hydroisomerization of a wide variety of hydrocarbon feedstocks, and which has excellent HDS and HDN properties.

Further, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the different zeolites of the support medium are intimately mixed which has been found in accordance with the invention to provide a synergistic effect in hydroisomerization as will be demonstrated in the examples set forth below.

In further accordance with the invention, a process is provided for treating a sulfur and nitrogen contaminated hydrocarbon feedstock so as to increase the fraction of isomers in the final product, and to provide final sulfur and nitrogen content in the product which is lower than the initial sulfur and nitrogen content of the feedstock.

In accordance with the process of the present invention, suitable hydrocarbon feedstocks include but are not limited to C₅ -C₆₀ hydrocarbon feedstocks, lube stock base feedstocks which are rich in paraffins, heavy cracked naphtha, heavy straight run naphtha, virgin heavy naphtha, virgin light naphtha, diesel, medium mineral oil, hydrocracked medium mineral oil, slack wax, deasphalted oil, hydrocracked deasphalted oil, refined spindle oil, light mineral oil, refined light mineral oil, bright stock oil, refined bright stock oil, and mixtures thereof, as well as numerous others. In further accordance with the invention, the process according to the present invention using the catalyst system as described above also provides a final product desirably having a higher viscosity index and a lower pour point than the hydrocarbon feedstock.

In accordance with the process of the present invention, the feedstock to be treated preferably has a sulfur content of up to about 10,000 ppm and a nitrogen content of up to about 200 ppm. It should be appreciated that the contaminant levels of the aforedescribed feedstock are much greater than those which are handled by conventional hydroisomerization catalysts.

In further accordance with the process of the present invention, the hydrocarbon feedstock to be treated is contacted with a catalyst system according to the invention under a hydrogen atmosphere and at hydroisomerization conditions so as to provide the desired final product having increased isomer content and reduced sulfur and nitrogen content, as well as improved viscosity index and pour point values.

The hydroisomerization conditions to be used in accordance with the present invention will of course vary depending upon the exact catalyst and feedstock to be used and the final product which is desired.

For example, in hydroisomerization process treating a lube base feedstock, the catalyst may suitably be preheated so as to activate same at a temperature of about 120° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere at a pressure of one atmosphere for approximately four hours. The reactor may be fed with a further activating feedstock such as dimethyldisulfate in gas oil, for example at a temperature of about 120° C. at one atmosphere for two hours, prior to initiation of the process. A reaction mixture of hydrogen and hydrocarbon feedstock may then be fed to the reactor followed by stepwise increase in reactor temperature until an operation temperature preferably between about 340° C. to about 370° C. is attained.

In accordance with the process of the present invention, a final product is provided which has significantly reduced levels of sulfur and nitrogen, and increased fractions of isomers as well as improved flow or pour point and viscosity index.

The following examples further illustrate the preparation and use of the catalyst system according to the invention.

EXAMPLE 1

This example illustrates the preparation of the catalyst according to the present invention. A beta zeolite was coimpregnated with nickel and palladium using an aqueous solution of Ni[Ni(NO₃)₂.6H₂ O] and [Pd(NO₃)₂.H₂ O] so as to provide the beta zeolite with 1000 ppm of nickel and 500 ppm of palladium. The impregnated zeolite was dried at 100° C. The operation was repeated with a ZSM-5 zeolite. The two impregnated zeolites were then mixed at a ratio of ZSM-5 to beta zeolite of 1:3 so as to provide a uniform mixture of the two zeolites. 2.5% v/v of acetic acid were added to the mixed zeolite, and the resulting mixture was extruded so as to obtain extrudates having an average particle size smaller than 110 microns. The extrudate was dried at 100° C. and subsequently mixed with an alumina matrix material having a particle size of 45 microns so as to provide a uniform mixture. An additional 2.5% v/v of acetic acid was added to the zeolite/alumina mixture so as to provide an extrudable paste, which was extruded to provide extrudate having a particle size of about 1/16". The extruded zeolite/alumina was dried at room temperature overnight and then calcined by gradually increasing the temperature at a rate of 3° C. per minute, to 80° C. for three hours, 120° C. for three hours, 250° C. for three hours, 350° C. for one hour and 450° C. for four hours. The calcined extrudate was then impregnated with an aqueous ammonium metatungstanate solution so as to incorporate 20% weight of WO₃ into the extruded zeolite/alumina catalyst elements. The tungsten impregnated catalyst elements were dried at 100° C. and subsequently coimpregnated with nickel and palladium cations using an aqueous solution of Ni[Ni(NO₃)₂.6H₂ O] and [Pd(NO₃)₂.H₂ O] so as to incorporate nickel and palladium into the matrix material at a concentration of 1000 ppm of nickel and 500 ppm of palladium. The fully impregnated extruded catalyst elements were then dried and calcined as described above to provide a catalyst referred to as Catalyst A. Catalyst A showed a BET surface area of 265 m² /g, a pore volume of 0.42 cc/g and an average pore diameter of 62 Å.

EXAMPLE 2

This example illustrates the conversion of a lube base feedstock using the catalyst of the present invention. Three different lube base feedstocks having differing concentrations of nitrogen and sulfur were provided. The feedstocks were contacted with Catalyst A of Example 1. The catalyst was first activated by heating at 120° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere at one atmosphere of pressure for four hours. The process was carried out in a tubular reactor having a length of 65 cm and a diameter of 2.5 cm. A mixture of 1.9% v/v dimethyldisulfate in gas oil at 120° C. and a pressure of one atmosphere was fed to the reactor for a period of two hours. The reactor feed was then changed by feeding hydrogen at a pressure of 400 psig along with the feedstock at a hydrogen/feedstock ratio equal to 300 Nv/v. The temperature of the reactor was increased stepwise to 120° C. for 30 minutes, 240° C. for 120 minutes, and 300° C. for 180 minutes after which the temperature was increased to the operation temperature of between 340° C. and 370° C. Tables I, II and III set forth below contain the results of the reaction for a slack wax C₂₀ -C₆₀ feedstock, a hydrocracked deasphaltened oil, and a hydrocracked medium mineral oil.

                  TABLE I                                                          ______________________________________                                         Description of Feeds                                                                                                Flow                                                Sulfur  Nitrogen   Aromatics                                                                              Point                                     Feeds     ppm     ppm        %       °C.                                ______________________________________                                         Slack wax 3700    38         None    +61                                       C.sub.20 -C.sub.60                                                             DAO HCK    247    100        24      +48                                       C.sub.20 -C.sub.40                                                             MMO HCK    86     81         19      +45                                       C.sub.20 -C.sub.40                                                             ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE II                                                         ______________________________________                                         Effect on Sulfur and Nitrogen Content                                          Sulfur ppm     Nitrogen ppm                                                    Feed      Product  Feed   Product                                                                               % HDS  % HDN                                  ______________________________________                                         Slack  --     --       --   --     --     --                                   Wax                                                                            DAO    247    18       100  23     92     77                                   HCK                                                                            MMO     86    34        81  19     60     76                                   HCK                                                                            ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE III                                                        ______________________________________                                         Effect on Flow Point and Viscosity Index                                                 Flow Point °C.                                                                          Viscosity Index                                                Feed Product    Feed   Product                                       ______________________________________                                         Slack Wax   +61    --         --   --                                          DAO HCK     +48    --         --   --                                          MMO HCK     +45    -21        115  105                                         ______________________________________                                    

As shown, Catalyst A according to the present invention significantly reduced the sulfur and nitrogen content of the feedstocks tested thus exhibiting excellent rate of hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrification. Further, measurements taken regarding the flow point and viscosity index of the hydrocracked medium mineral oil also showed improvement.

EXAMPLE 3

This example illustrates the conversion of a diesel C₁₅ -C₂₀ feedstock using Catalyst A of Example 1 according to the present invention. Phase 1 and Phase 2 diesel, each containing different concentrations of nitrogen and sulfur, were hydroisomerized following the procedure set forth in Example 2. Tables IV, V and VI set forth below contain the results of the reaction.

                  TABLE IV                                                         ______________________________________                                         Effect on Sulfur and Nitrogen Content                                          Sulfur ppm     Nitrogen ppm                                                    Feed      Product  Feed   Product                                                                               % HDS  % HDN                                  ______________________________________                                         Phase 1                                                                               914    155      173  12     83      93                                  Phase 2                                                                                52     23       2   <1     55     >50                                  ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE V                                                          ______________________________________                                         Effect on Flow Point                                                                         Flow Point °C.                                                          Feed  Product                                                    ______________________________________                                         Phase 1         +24      +12                                                   Phase 2         +18     <-51                                                   ______________________________________                                    

                                      TABLE VI                                     __________________________________________________________________________     Changes in Composition                                                         %           %      %      %      %                                             Naphtha     Kerosene                                                                              Diesel 370 + °C.                                                                      Aromatic                                      Feed    Prod.                                                                              Feed                                                                              Prod.                                                                              Feed                                                                              Prod.                                                                              Feed                                                                              Prod.                                                                              Feed                                                                              Prod.                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Phase 1                                                                             4  10  17 19  37 35  42 36  52 34                                         Phase 2                                                                             9  19  20 21  35 31  36 29  17 12                                         __________________________________________________________________________

As shown in Tables IV-VI, the catalyst system according to the present invention provided significant reductions in sulfur and nitrogen content as well as an improvement in flow point and the fraction of desirable products as compared to the feedstock.

EXAMPLE 4

This example illustrates the conversion of a naphtha feedstock using Catalyst A of Example 1 according to the present invention. A heavy cracked naphtha (HKN) containing high concentrations of nitrogen and sulfur was hydroisomerized through contact with Catalyst A. The results are set forth below in Table VII.

                  TABLE VII                                                        ______________________________________                                         CH.sub.3 /CH.sub.2                                                                         Sulfur    Nitrogen                                                 (I.R.)      ppm       ppm                                                               Pro-          Pro-      Pro- %     %                                  Feed     duct   Feed   duct Feed duct HDS   HDN                                ______________________________________                                         HKN   1.137  1.169  8440 275  126  1    97    99                               ______________________________________                                    

As shown in Table VII, sulfur and nitrogen levels were greatly reduced. Further, the values of CH₃ --/CH₂ were determined by IR spectroscopy. The reduction in ratio indicates that isomerization had occurred. This example also illustrates the very high tolerance of the catalyst of the present invention to significant levels of sulfur and nitrogen contaminants.

EXAMPLE 5

This example illustrates the activity of the catalyst of the present invention when prepared with a single zeolite support media. The catalyst was prepared as described in Example 1, using only a single ZSM-5 zeolite as the support medium and using four different concentrations of palladium and nickel supported on the zeolite. The matrix was impregnated with nickel and palladium so as to provide a nickel concentration of 1000 ppm and a palladium of 500 ppm, and a tungsten content of 17% by weight of the matrix. The four catalysts so prepared (Catalysts B-E) were then used to treat a feedstock having an initial sulfur content of 82 ppm, an initial nitrogen content of 38 ppm, an initial flow point of 45° C. and an initial viscosity index of 120. The reaction conditions were those set forth above in Example 2. The results of the test are presented below in Tables VIII and IX.

                                      TABLE VIII                                   __________________________________________________________________________     Metal ppm   Sulfur ppm                                                                             Nitrogen ppm                                               Ni       Pd Feed                                                                              Product                                                                             Feed                                                                              Product                                                                             % HDS                                                                               % HDN                                         __________________________________________________________________________     Catalyst B                                                                           1000                                                                               500                                                                              82 10   38 3.4  89   91                                            Catalyst C                                                                           1000                                                                              2000                                                                              82 10   38 3.4  89   91                                            Catalyst D                                                                           1500                                                                              3000                                                                              82 10   38 3.4  89   91                                            Catalyst E                                                                           4000                                                                              2000                                                                              82  0   38 0    100  100                                           __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE IX                                                         ______________________________________                                         Metal ppm          Flow Point(°C.)                                                                        Viscosity Index                              Ni         Pd      Feed   Product Feed Product                                 ______________________________________                                         Catalyst B                                                                             1000    500    +45  -15     120   94                                   Catalyst C                                                                             1000   2000    +45  -18     120  100                                   Catalyst D                                                                             1500   3000    +45  -21     120  100                                   Catalyst E                                                                             4000   2000    +45  -18     120   93                                   ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 6

This example illustrates the effects of process conditions on the activity of the catalyst of the present invention. Catalyst D as described in Example 5 above was used in this example, the temperature and pressure conditions for each reaction are as set forth below in Tables X and XI. The same feedstock as used in Example 5 was used in this example.

                  TABLE X                                                          ______________________________________                                         Changes in Hydrodesulfurization and                                            hydrodenitrification Activity                                                  Process Condition                                                                         Sulfur ppm Nitrogen ppm                                                                              %     %                                       P(psig)                                                                              T(°C.)                                                                           Feed   Prod  Feed Prod  HDS   HDN                               ______________________________________                                         1200  370      82     10    38   3.4    89    91                               1200  340      82     0     38   0     100   100                                400  370      82     0     38   0     100   100                               ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE XI                                                         ______________________________________                                         Changes in Hydroisomerization Activity                                         Process Condition Flow Point (°C.)                                                                        Viscosity Index                              P(psig) T(°C.)                                                                            Feed   Product  Feed Product                                 ______________________________________                                         1200    370       +45    -21      120  100                                     1200    340       +45    -3       120  131                                      400    370       +45    -18      120   94                                     ______________________________________                                    

As illustrated in Tables X and XI the reduction of sulfur and nitrogen is favored at lower temperatures and/or pressure. However, hydroisomerization improves at the higher temperatures and pressures.

EXAMPLE 7

This example illustrates the effect of the intimate contact of the different pore size zeolites present in the support medium of the catalyst system according to the invention. A Catalyst F was prepared as described in Example 1 but omitting the use of the acetic acid binder. A Catalyst G₁ was prepared as shown in Example 1 but using only a zeolite ZSM-5. Further, a Catalyst G₂ was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using only beta zeolite. Catalysts G₁ and G₂ were then mixed to provide a uniform mechanical mixture referred to as Catalyst G. Catalyst A from Example 1, and Catalysts F and G as prepared above were then each used to transform a hydrocracked medium mineral oil.

No difference in the hydroisomerization activity was observed between Catalysts A and F. However, the catalyst mixture of Catalyst G exhibited a decreased isomerization activity as shown by the flow point and viscosity indexes obtained as a result of the process. Thus, a catalyst system containing the intimately mixed different pore size zeolite phases in accordance with the present invention exhibits improved isomerization activity.

EXAMPLE 8

This example illustrates the effect of the proportion of small to large pore size zeolite on the isomerization of a hydrocarbon feedstock. Mixtures of zeolite ZSM-5 and beta zeolite were prepared in accordance with the procedure of Example 1 having differing proportions of ZSM-5 to beta zeolite. The catalysts so prepared were then used to treat a hexadecane feedstock at 320° C. at a ratio of nitrogen to hexadecane of 9. The results are presented in the attached FIGURE. The isomerization activity was calculated as a ratio [iC₁₅ ]p/([iC₁₅ ]p+[nC₉ ])·100%, wherein p refers to paraffins. As shown, the best results are obtained when ZSM-5 comprises between about 25% to about 75% of the mixture.

Thus provided is a catalyst system in accordance with the present invention which provides excellent hydroisomerization activity as well as improved HDS and HDN properties and resistance to deactivation from sulfur and nitrogen contaminants in the feedstock. Further provided is a method for preparing the catalyst system according to the invention and a process for treating a wide variety of hydrocarbon feedstocks with a catalyst system of the present invention so as to provide desired final products having increased fractions of isomers and decreased sulfur and nitrogen content.

This invention may be embodied in other forms or carried out in other ways without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiment is therefore to be considered as in all respects illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency are intended to be embraced therein. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A catalyst system for treating sulfur and nitrogen contaminated hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising:a matrix selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica alumina, titanium alumina and mixtures thereof; at least one support medium substantially uniformly distributed through said matrix wherein said support medium is zeolite; a first catalytically active metal phase supported on said support medium, said first catalytically active metal phase comprising a first metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron and mixtures thereof and a second metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium and mixtures thereof; a second catalytically active metal phase supported on said matrix, said second catalytically active metal phase comprising a third metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron and mixtures thereof, a fourth metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium and mixtures thereof and a fifth metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum and mixtures thereof.
 2. A catalyst system according to claim 1, wherein said first catalytically active metal phase further includes a sixth metal selected from group VIb of the periodic table of elements.
 3. A catalyst system according to claim 1, wherein said matrix is catalytically active.
 4. A catalyst system according to claim 1, wherein said matrix is gamma alumina.
 5. A catalyst system according to claim 4, wherein said gamma alumina has a surface area of between about 200 m² /g to about 400 m² /g and a pore volume of between about 0.3 cc/g to about 0.9 cc/g.
 6. A catalyst system according to claim 1, wherein said support medium comprises a first support medium and a second support medium, each substantially uniformly distributed through said matrix.
 7. A catalyst system according to claim 6, wherein said first support medium comprises a first molecular sieve and said second support medium comprises a second molecular sieve, and wherein said first molecular sieve and said second molecular sieve have different average pore sizes.
 8. A catalyst system according to claim 7, wherein said first molecular sieve is a first zeolite having an average pore size of between about 5 Å to about 6 Å, a Si/Al ratio of between about 10 to about 300, a surface area greater than or equal to about 300 m² /g and a crystal size of less than or equal to about 2 μm, and wherein said second molecular sieve is a second zeolite having an average pore size of between about 7 Å to about 8 Å, a Si/Al ratio of between about 3 to about 100, a surface area of greater than or equal to about 600 m² /g and a crystal size of less than or equal to about 1 μm.
 9. A catalyst system according to claim 8, wherein said first zeolite is selected from the group consisting of ZSM-5, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, SAPO-11, ZSM-12, ST-5 and mixtures thereof.
 10. A catalyst system according to claim 8, wherein said second zeolite is selected from the group consisting of beta zeolite, ZSM-10, Y zeolite, SAPO-37, SAPO-5 and mixtures thereof.
 11. A catalyst system according to claim 8, wherein said first zeolite and said second zeolite are present in a weight ratio of said first zeolite to second zeolite of between about 0.2 to about 0.8.
 12. A catalyst system according to claim 1, wherein said at least one support medium and said matrix are present in a ratio by weight of support medium to matrix of between about 0.1 to about 0.4.
 13. A catalyst system according to claim 1, wherein said first metal and said second metal are present in said first catalytically active metal phase in a weight ratio of said first metal to said second metal of between about 1:1 to about 4:1.
 14. A catalyst system, according to claim 1, wherein said second metal is present in said first catalytically active metal phase in an amount of between about 0.025% to about 1.0% by weight of said support medium.
 15. A catalyst system according to claim 14, wherein said first catalytically active metal phase further includes a sixth metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum and mixtures thereof.
 16. A catalyst system according to claim 1, wherein said third metal and said fourth metal are present in said second catalytically active metal phase in a weight ratio of said third metal to said fourth metal of between about 1:1 to about 4:1.
 17. A catalyst system, according to claim 1, wherein said fourth metal is present in said second catalytically active metal phase in an amount of between about 0.025% to about 1.0% by weight of said matrix.
 18. A catalyst system according to claim 1, wherein said fifth metal is present in said second catalytically active metal phase in an amount of between about 6% to about 30% by weight of said matrix.
 19. A catalyst system according to claim 1, wherein said catalyst system has a surface area of between about 200 m² /g to about 500 m² /g and a pore diameter of between about 30 Å to about 80 Å.
 20. A catalyst system according to claim 1, wherein said catalyst system has a mechanical resistance of between about 4 kg/cm² to about 9 kg/cm².
 21. A method for preparing a catalyst system for treatment of a sulfur and nitrogen contaminated hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising the steps of:providing a matrix material; providing at least one support medium; impregnating said support medium with a first metal and a second metal each selected from group VIII of the periodic table of elements so as to provide an impregnated support medium, said first metal being different from said second metal; mixing said impregnated support medium with said matrix so as to provide a substantially uniform heterogeneous mixture of said matrix and said impregnated support medium; forming said mixture into catalyst elements; impregnating said catalyst elements with a metal selected from group VIb of the periodic table of elements; impregnating said catalyst elements with a third metal and a fourth metal each selected from group VIII of the periodic table of elements so as to provide impregnated catalyst elements, said third metal being different from said fourth metal; drying and calcining said impregnated catalyst elements so as to provide said catalyst system having a surface area of between about 200 m² /g to about 500 m² /g and a mechanical resistance of between about 4 kg/cm² to about 9 kg/cm².
 22. A method according to claim 21, further comprising the step of drying said impregnated support medium at a temperature of less than or equal to about 150° C. prior to mixing with said matrix.
 23. A method according to claim 21, further comprising the steps of drying and calcining said catalyst elements prior to impregnating with said metal selected from group VIb.
 24. A method according to claim 23, wherein said drying step is carried out at room temperature.
 25. A method according to claim 23, wherein said drying and calcining steps comprise the steps of drying said catalyst elements at a temperature of less than or equal to about 130° C. so as to provide dried catalyst elements, and calcining said dried catalyst elements by increasing temperature stepwise to a value of between about 420° C. to about 520° C.
 26. A method according to claim 21, further comprising the step of drying said catalyst elements after impregnating with said metal selected from group VIb and prior to impregnating with said third metal and said fourth metal.
 27. A method according to claim 26, wherein said step of drying said catalyst elements is carried out at a temperature of less than or equal to about 150° C.
 28. A method according to claim 21, wherein said drying and calcining steps comprise the steps of drying said impregnated catalyst elements at a temperature of less than or equal to about 130° C. so as to provide dried impregnated catalyst elements, and calcining said dried impregnated catalyst elements by increasing temperature stepwise to a value of between about 420° C. to about 520° C.
 29. A method according to claim 21, wherein said matrix is selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica alumina, titanium alumina and mixtures thereof.
 30. A method according to claim 21, wherein said matrix is gamma alumina.
 31. A method according to claim 21, wherein said gamma alumina has a surface area of between about 200 m² /g to about 400 m² /g and a pore volume of between about 0.3 cc/g to about 0.9 cc/g.
 32. A method according to claim 21, wherein said matrix has a surface area of between about 200 m² /g to about 400 m² /g.
 33. A method according to claim 21, wherein said matrix is catalytically active.
 34. A method according to claim 21, wherein said step of providing said at least one support medium comprises providing a first support medium comprising a first molecular sieve and a second support medium comprising a second molecular sieve wherein said first molecular sieve and said second molecular sieve have different average pore sizes.
 35. A method according to claim 34, wherein said first molecular sieve is a first zeolite having an average pore size of between about 5 Å to about 6 Å, a Si/Al ratio of between about 10 to about 300, a surface area greater than or equal to about 300 m² /g and a crystal size of less than or equal to about 2 μm, and wherein said second molecular sieve is a second zeolite having an average pore size of between about 7 Å to about 8 Å, a Si/Al ratio of between about 3 to about 100, a surface area of greater than or equal to about 600 m² /g and a crystal size of less than or equal to about 1 μm.
 36. A method according to claim 35, further comprising the step of extruding said first zeolite and said second zeolite prior to said mixing step so as to provide a substantially uniform mixture of said first zeolite and said second zeolite.
 37. A method according to claim 35, wherein said first zeolite is selected from the group consisting of ZSM-5, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, SAPO-11, ZSM-12, ST-5 and mixtures thereof.
 38. A method according to claim 35, wherein said second zeolite is selected from the group consisting of beta zeolite, ZSM-10, Y zeolite, SAPO-37, SAPO-5 and mixtures thereof.
 39. A method according to claim 35, wherein said first zeolite and said second zeolite are present in a weight ratio of said first zeolite to second zeolite of between about 0.2 to about 0.8.
 40. A method according to claim 21, wherein said at least one support medium and said matrix are provided in a ratio by weight of support medium to matrix of between about 0.1 to about 0.4.
 41. A method according to claim 21, wherein said first metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron and mixtures thereof, and said second metal is selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium and mixtures thereof.
 42. A method according to claim 41, wherein said first metal and said second metal are provided in a weight ratio of said first metal to said second metal of between about 1:1 to about 4:1.
 43. A method according to claim 42, wherein said third metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron and mixtures thereof, said fourth metal is selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium and mixtures thereof, and said metal from group VIb is a fifth metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum and mixtures thereof.
 44. A method according to claim 43, wherein said third metal and said fourth metal are present in a weight ratio of said third metal to said fourth metal of between about 1:1 to about 4:1.
 45. A method according to claim 21, wherein said catalyst system has a pore diameter of between about 30 Å to about 80 Å.
 46. A method according to claim 21, further comprising the step of mixing a binder with said at least one support medium at a ratio by weight of said support medium to said binder of between about 20 to about
 100. 47. A method according to claim 46, wherein said binder is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, glycolic acid and mixtures thereof.
 48. A method according to claim 21, wherein said impregnating steps are carried out by impregnating with solutions of water soluble metal salts.
 49. A method according to claim 48, wherein said water soluble salts are selected from the group consisting of acetates, nitrates, oxalates, chlorides and mixtures thereof.
 50. A method according to claim 21, wherein said step of impregnating with said group VIb metal comprises impregnating said catalyst elements by ion exchange with a water soluble salt of said group VIb metal.
 51. A method according to claim 50, wherein said water soluble salt is selected from the group consisting of acetates, nitrates, oxalates, chlorides and mixtures thereof.
 52. A method according to claim 21, wherein said step of impregnating said at least one support medium with said first metal and said second metal comprises coimpregnating said support medium with said first metal and said second metal.
 53. A method according to claim 21, wherein said step of impregnating said catalyst elements with said third metal and said fourth metal comprises coimpregnating said catalyst elements with said third metal and said fourth metal.
 54. A method according to claim 21, wherein said step of forming said catalyst elements comprises extruding said mixture so as to provide extruded catalyst elements.
 55. A process for hydroisomerization of a sulfur and nitrogen contaminated hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising the steps of:providing a hydrocarbon feedstock having an initial sulfur content of up to about 10,000 ppm and an initial nitrogen content of up to about 200 ppm; providing a catalyst system comprising a matrix; at least one support medium substantially uniformly distributed through said matrix; a first catalytically active metal phase supported on said support medium, said first catalytically active metal phase comprising a first metal and a second metal each selected from group VIII of the periodic table of elements, said first metal being different from said second metal; a second catalytically active metal phase supported on said matrix, said second catalytically active metal phase comprising a third metal and a fourth metal each selected from group VIII of the periodic table of elements and a fifth metal selected from group VIb of the periodic table of elements, said third metal being different from said fourth metal; and contacting said feedstock with said catalyst system under a hydrogen atmosphere and at hydroisomerization conditions so as to provide a final product having a final sulfur content and final nitrogen content which are less than said initial sulfur content and said initial nitrogen content.
 56. A process according to claim 55, wherein said feedstock is a C₅ -C₆₀ hydrocarbon feedstock.
 57. A process according to claim 55, wherein said feedstock is a lube stock base rich in paraffins.
 58. A process according to claim 55, wherein said feedstock is selected from the group consisting of heavy cracked naphtha, heavy straight run naphtha, virgin heavy naphtha, virgin light naphtha, diesel and mixtures thereof.
 59. A process according to claim 55, wherein said feedstock is selected from the group consisting of medium mineral oil, slack wax, deasphalted oil, hydrocracked medium mineral oil, hydrocracked deasphalted oil, refined spindle oil, light mineral oil, refined light mineral oil, bright stock oil, refined bright stock oil and mixtures thereof.
 60. A process according to claim 55, wherein said final product also has a higher viscosity index and lower pour point than said hydrocarbon feedstock.
 61. A catalyst system for treating sulfur and nitrogen contaminated hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising:a matrix selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica alumina, titanium alumina and mixtures thereof; a support medium substantially uniformly distributed through said matrix, said support medium comprises a first support medium and a second support medium, said first support medium comprises a first molecular sieve and said second support medium comprises a second molecular sieve wherein said first molecular sieve is a first zeolite having an average pore size of between about 5 Å to about 6 Å, a Si/Al ratio of between about 10 to about 300, a surface area greater than or equal to about 300 m² /g and a crystal size of less than or equal to about 2 μm, and wherein said second molecular sieve is a second zeolite having an average pore size of between about 7 Å to about 8 Å, a Si/Al ratio of between about 3 to about 100, a surface area of greater than or equal to about 600 m² /g and a crystal size of less than or equal to about 1 μm; a first catalytically active metal phase supported on said support medium, said first catalytically active metal phase comprising a first metal and a second metal each selected from group VIII of the periodic table of elements, said first metal being different from said second metal; a second catalytically active metal phase supported on said matrix, said second catalytically active metal phase comprising a third metal and a fourth metal each selected from group VIII of the periodic table of elements and a fifth metal selected from group VIb of the periodic table of elements, said third metal being different from said fourth metal.
 62. A catalyst system according to claim 61, wherein said matrix is gamma alumina.
 63. A catalyst system according to claim 62, wherein said gamma alumina has a surface area of between about 200 m² /g to about 400 m² /g and a pore volume of between about 0.3 cc/g to about 0.9 cc/g.
 64. A catalyst system according to claim 61, wherein said first zeolite is selected from the group consisting of ZSM-5, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, SAPO-11, ZSM-12, ST-5 and mixtures thereof.
 65. A catalyst system according to claim 61, wherein said second zeolite is selected from the group consisting of beta zeolite, ZSM-10, Y zeolite, SAPO-37, SAPO-5 and mixtures thereof.
 66. A catalyst system according to claim 61, wherein said first zeolite and said second zeolite are present in a weight ratio of said first zeolite to second zeolite of between about 0.2 to about 0.8.
 67. A catalyst system according to claim 61, wherein said at least one support medium and said matrix are present in a ratio by weight of support medium to matrix of between about 0.1 to about 0.4.
 68. A catalyst system according to claim 61, wherein said first metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron and mixtures thereof, and said second metal is selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium and mixtures thereof.
 69. A catalyst system according to claim 68, wherein said first metal and said second metal are present in said first catalytically active metal phase in a weight ratio of said first metal to said second metal of between about 1:1 to about 4:1.
 70. A catalyst system, according to claim 69, wherein said second metal is present in said first catalytically active metal phase in an amount of between about 0.025% to about 1.0% by weight of said support medium.
 71. A catalyst system according to claim 70, wherein said first catalytically active metal phase further includes a sixth metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum and mixtures thereof.
 72. A catalyst system according to claim 61, wherein said third metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron and mixtures thereof, said fourth metal is selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium and mixtures thereof, and said fifth metal is selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum and mixtures thereof.
 73. A catalyst system according to claim 72, wherein said third metal and said fourth metal are present in said second catalytically active metal phase in a weight ratio of said third metal to said fourth metal of between about 1:1 to about 4:1.
 74. A catalyst system according to claim 72, wherein said fourth metal is present in said second catalytically active metal phase in an amount of between about 0.025% to about 1.0% by weight of said matrix.
 75. A catalyst system according to claim 72, wherein said fifth metal is present in said second catalytically active metal phase in an amount of between about 6% to about 30% by weight of said matrix.
 76. A catalyst system according to claim 61, wherein said catalyst system has a surface area of between about 200 m² /g to about 500 m² /g and a pore diameter of between about 30 Å to about 80 Å.
 77. A catalyst system according to claim 61, wherein said catalyst system has a mechanical resistance of between about 4 kg/cm² to about 9 kg/cm². 